Recent questions in Water Resources Engineering

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A lake has a maximum depth of $\text{60 m}$. If the mean atmospheric pressure in the lake region is $\text{91 kPa}$ and the unit weight of the lake water is $\text{9790 N...
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A rectangular open channel of $\text{6 m}$ width is carrying a discharge of $20 \text{ m$^{3}$/s}$. Consider the acceleration due to gravity as $9.81 \text{ m/s}^{2}$ and...
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A water filtration unit is made of uniform-size sand particles of $\text{0.4 mm}$ diameter with a shape factor of $0.84$ and specific gravity of $2.55$. The depth of the ...
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A fire hose nozzle directs a steady stream of water of velocity $\text{50 m/s}$ at an angle of $45^{\circ}$ above the horizontal. The stream rises initially but then even...
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The hyetograph in the figure corresponds to a rainfall event of $\text{3 cm}$.If the rainfall event has produced a direct runoff of $\text{1.6 cm}$, the $\phi$-index of t...
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A venturimeter as shown in the figure (not to scale) is connected to measure the flow of water in a vertical pipe of $\text{20 cm}$ diameter.Assume $g=9.8\text{ m/s}^{2}$...
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A reservoir with a live storage of $300$ million cubic metre irrigates $40000$ hectares ( $1$ hectare= $10^{4}\text{ m}^{2}$) of a crop with two fillings of the reservoir...
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If water is flowing at the same depth in most hydraulically efficient triangular and rectangular channel sections then the ratio of hydraulic radius of triangular section...
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‘Kinematic viscosity’ is dimensionally represented as$\frac{M}{LT}$$\frac{M}{L^{2}T}$$\frac{T^{2}}{L}$$\frac{L^{2}}{T}$
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Two reservoirs are connected through a homogeneous and isotropic aquifer having hydraulic conductivity $\text{(K)}$ of $25$ $\text{m}$/day and effective porosity $\left (...
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A fluid flowing steadily in a circular pipe of radius $\text{R}$ has a velocity that is everywhere parallel to the axis (centerline) of the pipe. The velocity distributio...
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An unlined canal under regime conditions along with a silt factor of $1$ has a width of flow $71.25 \;\text{m}$. Assuming the unlined canal as a wide channel, the corresp...
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A cylinder $\text{(2.0 m diameter, 3.0 m long and 25 kN weight)}$ is acted upon by water on one side and oil $\text{(specific gravity=0.8)}$ on other side as shown in the...
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A tube-well of $20\text{ cm}$ diameter fully penetrates a horizontal, homogeneous and isotropic confined aquifer of infinite horizontal extent. The aquifer is of $30 \tex...
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Velocity of flow is proportional to the first power of hydraulic gradient in Darcy’s law. This law is applicable to laminar flow in porous mediatransitional flow in porou...
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Uniform flow with velocity $U$ makes an angle $\theta$ with $y$-axis, as shown in the figureThe velocity potential $(\phi)$, is $\pm U(x\sin\theta+y\cos\theta)$$\pm U(y\s...
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The data for an agricultural field for a specific month are given below:$\begin{array}{ll}\text{Pan Evaporation} &=\:100\:mm\\ \text{Effective Rainfall} &=\:20\:mm\;\te...
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During chlorination process, aqueous (aq) chlorine reacts rapidly with water to form $Cl^-,HOCl$, and $H^+$ as shown below $$Cl_2(aq)+H_2O\:{\large\rightleftharpoons}\:HO...
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An amount of $35.67\:mg\:HCl$ is added to distilled water and the total solution volume is made to one litre. The atomic weights of $H$ and $Cl$ are $1$ and $35.5$, resp...
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A $4\:m$ wide rectangular channel carries $6\:m^3/s$ of water. The Manning’s ‘$n$’ of the open channel is $0.02$. Considering $g=9.81\:m/s^2$, the critical velocity of fl...
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Water flows at the rate of $12\:m^3/s$ in a $6\:m$ wide rectangular channel. A hydraulic jump is formed in the channel at a point where the upstream depth is $30\:cm$ (ju...
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A water supply scheme transports $10\:MLD$ (MIllion Litres per Day) water through a $450\:mm$ diameter pipeline for a distance of $2.5\:km$. A chlorine dose of $3.50\:mg/...
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Three reservoirs $P,Q$ and $R$ are interconnected by pipes as shown in the figure (not drawn to the scale). Piezometric head at the junction $S$ of the pipes is $100\:m$....
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A circular water tank of $2\:m$ diameter has a circular orifice of diameter $0.1\:m$ at the bottom. Water enters the tank steadily at a flow rate of $20\:litre/s$ and esc...
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Surface Overflow Rate (SOR) of a primary settling tank (discrete settling) is $20000\:litre/m^2$ per day. Kinematic viscosity of water in the tank is $1.01\times10^{-2}\:...
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Muskingum method is used inhydrologic reservoir routinghydrologic channel routinghydraulic channel routinghydraulic reservoir routing
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Superpassage is a canal cross-drainage structure in whichnatural stream water flows with free surface below a canalnatural stream water flows under pressure below a canal...
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A triangular direct runoff hydrograph due to a storm has a time base of $90$ hours. The peak flow of $60\: m^3/s$ occurs at $20$ hours from the start of the storm. The ar...
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The velocity components in the $x$ and $y$ directions for an incompressible flow are given as $u = (-5 + 6x)$ and $v = -(9+6y)$, respectively. The equation of the streaml...
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Two identically sized primary settling tanks receive water for $\text{Type-I}$ settling (discrete particles in dilute suspension) under laminar flow conditions. The Surfa...
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Crops are grown in a field having soil, which has field capacity of $30\%$ and permanent wilting point of $13\%.$ The effective depth of root zone is $80\ cm$. Irrigation...
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Alkalinity of water, in equivalent/litre (eq/litre), is given by$${\{HC{O_3}^-}\} + 2{\{C{O_3}^{2-}}\} + {\{OH^-\}}\ –\ {\{H^+\}}$$where, $\{\ \ \}$ represents concentr...
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A cast iron pipe of diameter $600\: mm$ and length $400\: m$ carries water from a tank and discharges freely into air at a point $4.5\: m$ below the water surface in the ...
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A hydraulic jump occurs in a triangular $\text{(V-shaped)}$ channel with side slopes $1:1$ (vertical to horizontal). The sequent depths are $0.5\: m$ and $1.5\: m$. The f...
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If a centrifugal pump has an impeller speed of $N$ (in rpm), discharge $Q$ (in $m^3/s$) and the total head $H$ (in $m$), the expression for the specific speed $N_s$ of t...
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During a storm event in a certain period, the rainfall intensity is $3.5$ cm/hour and the $\Phi$-index is $1.5$ cm/hour. The intensity of effective rainfall (in cm/hour, ...
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The infiltration capacity of a soil follows the Horton’s exponential model, $f=c_1+c_2e^{-kt}$. During an experiment, the initial infiltration capacity was observed to be...
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The figure shows a U-tube having a $5 \: mm \times 5 mm$ square cross-section filled with mercury (specific gravity $13.6$) up to a height of $20 $ cm in each limb (open...
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A $1$ m wide rectangular channel carries a discharge of $2 \: m^3 /s$. The specific energy-depth diagram is prepared for the channel. It is observed in this diagram that ...
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A catchment is idealized as a $25 \: km \times 25 \: km$ square. It has five rain gauges, one at each corner and one at the corner, as shown in the figure.During a month,...